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1.
Chinese Journal of Pediatrics ; (12): 440-445, 2023.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-985888

ABSTRACT

Objective: To explore the risk factors of malnutrition in infants with congenital heart disease within one year after surgery. Methods: This retrospective cohort study selected 502 infants with congenital heart disease who underwent surgical treatment in Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center from February 2018 to January 2019. Their basic information and clinical data were analyzed, and their nutrition status after the surgery was followed up by questionnaire survey. Weight-for-age Z score (WAZ)≤-2 one year after operation was defined as malnutrition group, and WAZ>-2 was non-malnutrition group. The perioperative indicators and complementary food advancement were compared between the two groups by chi-square test, t-test, and Kruskal-Wallis test. The risk factors of malnutrition were analyzed by Logistic regression. Results: A total of 502 infants were selected, including 301 males and 201 females, with the age of 4.1 (2.0, 6.8) months. There were 90 cases in malnutrition group and 412 cases in non-malnutrition group. The body length and weight at birth in the malnutrition group were lower than those in the non-malnutrition group ((47.8±3.8) vs. (49.3±2.5) cm, (2.7±0.6) vs.(3.0±0.5) kg, both P<0.001). The proportion of paternal high school education or above and the proportion of family per capita income of 5 000 yuan or above in the malnutrition group were lower than those in the non-malnutrition group ((18.9% (17/90) vs. 30.8% (127/412), 18.9% (17/90) vs. 33.7% (139/412), both P<0.05). Compared to the non-malnutrition group, the proportion of complex congenital heart disease in the malnutrition group was higher (62.2% (56/90) vs. 47.3% (195/412), P<0.05). The postoperative mechanical ventilation time, postoperative intensive care unit (ICU) stay time, postoperative hospital stay, total length of ICU stay and total hospital stay in the malnutrition group were significantly longer than those in non-malnutrition group (all P<0.05). The proportion of egg and fish supplementation over 2 times/week within one year after the surgery was also lower in the malnutrition group (both P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that mother's weight at delivery (OR=0.95,95%CI 0.91-0.99), the pre-operative WAZ≤-2 (OR=6.04, 95%CI 3.13-11.65), the complexity of the cardiac disease (OR=2.23, 95%CI 1.22-4.06), the hospital stay after the surgery over 14 days (OR=2.61, 95%CI 1.30-5.26), the types of complementary food<4 (OR=2.57, 95%CI 1.39-4.76), and the frequency of meat and fish<2 times/week (OR=2.11, 95%CI 1.13-3.93) were the risk factors associated with malnutrition within one year after the surgery. Conclusion: Mother's weight at delivery pre-operative nutritional status, complexity of cardiac disease, postoperative hospital stay, types of daily supplements and frequency of fish are risk factors associated with malnutrition within one year after surgery in children with congenital heart disease.


Subject(s)
Male , Humans , Female , Cardiac Surgical Procedures , Retrospective Studies , Malnutrition/complications , Heart Defects, Congenital/surgery , Risk Factors , Length of Stay , Infant Nutrition Disorders/complications
2.
São Paulo med. j ; 132(5): 266-272, 08/2014. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-721012

ABSTRACT

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Malnutrition is one of the causes of changes in cell metabolism. The inner ear has few energy reserves and high metabolism. The aim of this study was to analyze whether malnutrition at an early age is related to impairment of auditory processing abilities and hearing abnormalities. DESIGN AND SETTING: Retrospective cohort study conducted in a tertiary public hospital. METHODS: 45 children participated, divided as follows: G1, children diagnosed with malnutrition in their first two years of life; G2, children without history of malnutrition but with learning difficulties; G3, children without history of malnutrition and without learning difficulties. Tympanometry, pure-tone audiometry and the Staggered Spondaic Word (SSW) test (auditory processing) were performed. Statistical inferences were made using the Kruskal-Wallis test (α = 5%) and the test of equality of proportions between two samples (α = 1.7%). RESULTS: None of the 45 children participating in this study presented hearing deficiencies. However, at six of the eight frequencies analyzed, the children in G1 presented hearing thresholds lower than those of the other groups. In the auditory processing evaluation test, it was observed that 100% of the children in G1 presented abnormal auditory processing and that G1 and G2 had similar proportions of abnormalities (P-values: G1/G2 = 0.1; G1/G3 > 0.001; G2/G3 = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS: Malnutrition at an early age caused lowering of the hearing levels, although this impairment could not be considered to be a hearing deficiency. Every child in this group presented abnormalities in auditory processing abilities. .


CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: A subnutrição é uma das causas das alterações no metabolismo celular. A orelha interna possui poucas reservas energéticas e alto metabolismo. O objetivo deste estudo foi de analisar se a subnutrição em idade precoce está relacionada a prejuízos em habilidades do processamento auditivo e a alterações auditivas. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Estudo de coorte retrospectivo conduzido em hospital público terciário. MÉTODOS: Participaram 45 crianças divididas em: G1, crianças que tiveram o diagnóstico de subnutrição nos dois primeiros anos de vida; G2, crianças sem histórico de subnutrição, mas com dificuldades de aprendizagem; G3, crianças sem histórico de subnutrição e sem dificuldades escolares. Realizou-se a timpanometria, audiometria tonal limiar e o teste de SSW [Staggered Spondaic Word] (processamento auditivo). Para a inferência estatística, usou-se o Kruskal-Wallis (α = 5%) e o teste igualdade de proporções entre duas amostras (α = 1,7%). RESULTADOS: Nenhuma das 45 crianças participantes neste estudo apresentou deficiência auditiva, porém em seis das oito frequências avaliadas, as crianças do G1 apresentaram limiares auditivos rebaixados quando comparadas às de outros grupos. No teste que avaliou o processamento auditivo, constatou-se que 100% das crianças do G1 possuem alteração do processamento auditivo, e que G1 e G2 possuem proporção semelhante de presença de alterações (valor de P: G1/G2 = 0,1; G1/G3 = > 0,001; G2/G3 = 0,008). CONCLUSÕES: A subnutrição em idade precoce causou rebaixamento nos níveis de audição, apesar de este prejuízo auditivo não ser considerado como deficiência auditiva. Todas as crianças ...


Subject(s)
Child , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Auditory Threshold/physiology , Hearing Disorders/diagnosis , Infant Nutrition Disorders/complications , Learning Disabilities/complications , Acoustic Impedance Tests , Audiometry, Pure-Tone , Body Weight , Brazil , Dichotic Listening Tests/methods , Hearing Disorders/complications , Infant Nutrition Disorders/physiopathology , Learning Disabilities/physiopathology , Medical Records , Retrospective Studies , Statistics, Nonparametric , Tertiary Care Centers
3.
Rev. cuba. pediatr ; 85(3): 330-337, jul.-set. 2013.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-687734

ABSTRACT

Introducción: los primeros trabajos que asocian desnutrición y cardiopatías se reportaron en los años 50. Los lactantes cardiópatas presentan alteraciones en el crecimiento y desarrollo, y es más severo el compromiso en aquellos que se presentan con insuficiencia cardiaca y cianosis. Se describen patrones de desnutrición de acuerdo con el tipo de cardiopatía, la que puede ser aguda o crónica. Objetivos: evaluar el impacto de la intervención nutricional, como medida que contribuye a disminuir las complicaciones posoperatorias, en lactantes con cardiopatías congénitas acianóticas y desnutridos, así como relacionar la presencia de infecciones posoperatorias con hipoalbuminemia. Métodos: estudio prospectivo que incluyó a 28 lactantes con cardiopatías congénitas acianóticas, flujo pulmonar aumentado y desnutridos, en el Cardiocentro Pediátrico William Soler, desde septiembre de 2008 hasta agosto de 2010. Fueron divididos en 2 grupos: Grupo I, no recibieron intervención nutricional; y Grupo II, recibieron intervención nutricional. El estado nutricional se determinó por el índice peso para la talla en ambos sexos. Se analizó la asociación de complicaciones posoperatorias y estado nutricional, así como la relación entre infección e hipoalbuminemia. Se aplicaron técnicas estadísticas descriptivas, se utilizaron los porcentajes y construyeron distribuciones de frecuencias absolutas y relativas. Resultados: el 69,2 por ciento de los niños del Grupo I se encontraron desnutridos en el momento de la cirugía, y las complicaciones infecciosas estuvieron presente en el 73,3 por ciento de los casos. En el Grupo II las complicaciones infecciosas se presentaron en el 13,3 por ciento de los pacientes. Conclusiones: el grupo de niños desnutridos presentó mayor número de complicaciones infecciosas, las que estuvieron relacionadas a hipoalbuminemia. La intervención nutricional preoperatoria favorece una menor incidencia de complicaciones posoperatorias


Introduction: the first papers that related malnutrition and heart diseases were reported in the 50's. The cardiopathic nurslings have growth and development disorders and they are more compromised if they present heart failure and cyanosis. Malnutrition patterns are described according to the type of heart disease, which may be acute or chronic. Objectives: to evaluate the impact of the nutritional intervention as a kind of measure to reduce postoperative complications in children with acyanotic congenital heart diseases as well as to relate the presence of postoperative infections to hypoalbuminemia. Methods: prospective study of 28 nurslings with acyanotic congenital heart diseases and increased pulmonary flow conducted in William Soler pediatric cardiocenter from September 2008 to August 2010; they were all evaluated prior to surgery. They were divided into 2 groups: Group I comprised malnourished cardiopathic nurslings and Group II included cardiopathic nurslings with no malnutrition. The nutritional status was determined by the weight for size indexes in both sexes. The association of the postoperative complications and the nutritional status was analyzed as well as the relationship of infection and hypoalbuminemia. To this end, summary statistic techniques and percentages were used and relative and absolute frequency distributions were created. Results: in Group I, 69.2 percent of children were found to be malnourished at the time of surgery and the infective complications were present in 73.3 percent of cases. In Group II, the infective complications occurred in 13.3 percent of patients. Conclusions: the group of malnourished children showed the highest number of infective complications, which were related to hypoalbuminemia. Preoperative nutritional intervention favors lower incidence of postoperative complications


Subject(s)
Heart Defects, Congenital/surgery , Postoperative Complications/prevention & control , Nutritional Status/physiology , Infant Nutrition Disorders/complications , Prospective Studies
4.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 98(1): 6-12, jan. 2012. graf, tab
Article in English, Spanish, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-613415

ABSTRACT

FUNDAMENTO: Estudos têm demonstrado que a desnutrição pré/pós-natal leva a um maior risco de doenças não transmissíveis, como diabetes, hipertensão e obesidade na idade adulta. OBJETIVO: Determinar se os adolescentes com sobrepeso e desnutrição leve [escores-Z altura/idade (HAZ) na faixa de <-1 a > -2] têm pressão arterial mais elevada do que os indivíduos com sobrepeso e com estatura normal (HAZ > -1). MÉTODOS: Os participantes foram classificados como de baixa estatura leve ou de estatura normal, e estratificados de acordo com os percentis de massa corporal para a idade, como sobrepeso, peso normal ou abaixo do peso. As pressões arteriais sistólica (PAS) e diastólica (PAD) foram determinadas de acordo com as diretrizes e a gordura abdominal foi analisada por absorciometria de dupla emissão de raios-X. RESULTADOS: Indivíduos com baixa estatura leve e sobrepeso apresentaram valores mais elevados da PAD (p = 0,001) do que suas contrapartes de baixo peso (69,75 ± 12,03 e 54,46 ± 11,24 mmHg, respectivamente), mas semelhantes àqueles com IMC normal. Não foram encontradas diferenças nos valores de PAD em indivíduos normais, indivíduos com sobrepeso e com baixo peso entre os grupos de estatura normal. Foi encontrado um aumento na PAS (p = 0,01) entre os indivíduos com baixa estatura leve quando comparados os indivíduos com sobrepreso com suas contrapartes de baixo peso e IMC normal (114,70 ± 15,46, 97,38 ± 10,87 e 104,72 ± 12,24 mmHg, respectivamente). Embora não tenham sido observadas diferenças nas médias de PAS entre os grupos de baixa estatura leve e estatura normal, foi encontrado um intercepto significativo (p = 0,01), revelando maior PAS entre os indivíduos com baixa estatura leve. Houve correlação entre PAS e gordura abdominal (r = 0,42, ρ = 0,02) no grupo com baixa estatura leve. CONCLUSÃO: Indivíduos de baixa estatura leve com sobrepeso apresentaram maior PAS do que os de estatura normal e sobrepeso. Esses achados confirmam que a baixa estatura leve aumenta o risco futuro de hipertensão e essas alterações são evidentes em indivíduos jovens.


BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that pre/postnatal undernutrition leads to higher risk of non communicable diseases such as diabetes, hypertension and obesity in adulthood. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether overweight adolescents with mild stunting [height-for-age Z scores (HAZ) in the range <-1 to >-2] have higher blood pressure than overweight individuals with normal stature (HAZ >-1). MEHTODS: Participants were classified as mildly stunted or of normal stature, and further stratified according to body mass index-for-age percentiles as overweight, normal or underweight. Systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DPB) blood pressures were determined according to guidelines, and abdominal fat was analyzed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS: Mild stunted overweight individuals showed higher DBP values (p=0.001) than their underweight counterparts (69.75 ± 12.03 and 54.46±11.24 mmHg, respectively), but similar to those of normal BMI. No differences were found in DBP values of normal, overweight and underweight individuals among the normal stature groups. An increase in SBP (p=0.01) among mild stunted individuals was found when those with overweight were compared to their underweight and normal BMI counterparts (114.70 ± 15.46, 97.38 ± 10.87 and 104.72 ± 12.24 mmHg, respectively). Although no differences were observed in the means of SBP between mild stunting and normal stature groups, a significant intercept was found (p=0.01), revealing higher SBP among stunted individuals. There was a correlation between SBP and abdominal fat (r=0.42, ρ=0.02) in the stunted group. CONCLUSION: Stunted individuals with overweight showed higher SBP than those of normal stature and overweight. These findings confirm that mild stunting increase the risk of future hypertension and alterations are evident at early age.


FUNDAMENTO: Estudios han demostrado que la desnutrición pre/post-natal lleva a un mayor riesgo de enfermedades no transmisibles, como diabetes, hipertensión y obesidad en la edad adulta. OBJETIVO: Determinar si los adolescentes con sobrepeso y desnutrición leve [escores-Z altura/edad (HAZ) en la franja de <-1 a > -2] tienen presión arterial más elevada que los individuos con sobrepeso y con estatura normal (HAZ > -1). MÉTODOS: Los participantes fueron clasificados como de baja estatura leve o de estatura normal, y estratificados de acuerdo con los percentiles de masa corporal para la edad, como sobrepeso, peso normal o abajo del peso. Las presiones arteriales sistólica (PAS) y diastólica (PAD) fueron determinadas de acuerdo con las directrices y la grasa abdominal fue analizada por absorciometría de doble emisión de rayos-X. RESULTADOS: Individuos con baja estatura leve y sobrepeso presentaron valores más elevados de la PAD (p = 0,001) que sus contrapartes de bajo peso (69,75 ± 12,03 y 54,46 ± 11,24 mmHg, respectivamente), pero semejantes a aquellos con IMC normal. No fueron encontradas diferencias en los valores de PAD en individuos normales, individuos con sobrepeso y con bajo peso entre los grupos de estatura normal. Fue encontrado un aumento en la PAS (p = 0,01) entre los individuos con baja estatura leve cuando fueron comparados los individuos con sobrepreso con sus contrapartes de bajo peso y IMC normal (114,70 ± 15,46, 97,38 ± 10,87 y 104,72 ± 12,24 mmHg, respectivamente). Aunque no hayan sido observadas diferencias en las medias de PAS entre los grupos de baja estatura leve y estatura normal, fue encontrado un intercepto significativo (p = 0,01), revelando mayor PAS entre los individuos con baja estatura leve. Hubo correlación entre PAS y grasa abdominal (r = 0,42, ρ = 0,02) en el grupo con baja estatura leve. CONCLUSIONES: Individuos de baja estatura leve con sobrepeso presentaron mayor PAS que los de estatura normal y sobrepeso. Esos hallazgos confirman que la baja estatura leve aumenta el riesgo futuro de hipertensión y esas alteraciones son evidentes en individuos jóvenes.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child , Adolescent , Young Adult , Growth Disorders/physiopathology , Hypertension/etiology , Infant Nutrition Disorders/complications , Overweight/physiopathology , Abdominal Fat/physiopathology , Blood Pressure/physiology , Body Mass Index , Case-Control Studies , Cross-Sectional Studies , Growth Disorders/classification , Growth Disorders/etiology , Hypertension/physiopathology , Infant Nutrition Disorders/classification , Overweight/etiology , Reference Values , Risk Factors
5.
Cochabamba; s.n; may. 2011. 38 p. tab, graf.
Thesis in Spanish | LIBOCS, LILACS, LIBOE | ID: biblio-1296119

ABSTRACT

La desnutrición en el niño, especialmente en el menor de 5 años determina complicaciones o enfermedades que derivan del daño al sistema inmunitario.El estudio pretende establecer la incidencia de desnutrición, al ingreso a salas de hospitalización y las patologías asociadas, en niños menores de 5 años en el Hospital de Quillacollo durante el segundo semestre de la gestión 2009. Para el estudio se utilizó una metodología cuantitativa de orientación descriptiva, transversal y se aplicó una guía de recolección de datos de fuente secundaria: la historia clínica del menor de 5 años ingresado al Hospital. De un total de 79 niños internados, por diferentes causas, 27 de ellos (34,2%) presentaban desnutrición aguda en algún grado, siendo más frecuente la desnutrición leve con 55,6%; la patología asociada más frecuente (29,2%) al ingreso es el síndrome diarreico agudo; sin embargo, el 100% de los niños que ingresaron por infección urinaria y sepsis fueron desnutridos.


Subject(s)
Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Bolivia , Infant Nutrition Disorders/complications , Infant Nutrition Disorders/epidemiology
6.
Rev. GASTROHNUP ; 13(1): 22-31, ene.-abr. 2011. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-645091

ABSTRACT

Introducción:La desnutrición aguda severa requiere el comienzo inmediato de un tratamiento específico. En el Hospital Pereira Rossell se creó y se puso en práctica una pauta de diagnóstico y tratamiento del niño con desnutrición aguda severa, basada en recomendaciones de OMS. Objetivo:evaluar los resultados de la aplicación de dicha pauta. Pacientes y Métodos: estudio prospectivo realizado entre el 1/5 y el 30/9 del 2008, incluyendo todos los niños hospitalizados en la Unidad de Nutrición, con diagnóstico de desnutrición aguda severa. Se aplicó la pauta de diagnóstico y tratamiento.Conclusiones: la desnutrición aguda severa afecta a niños pequeños. Se debe principalmente a fallas en la alimentación. Estos niños pueden ser tratados en forma exitosa con fórmulas de bajo costo y el agregado de electrolitos y micronutrientes. La ausencia decomplicaciones habilita a que el tratamiento nutricional pueda llevarse a cabo en domicilio.


Introduction: Severe acute malnutrition requires the immediate commencement of a specific treatment. Hospital Pereira Rossell was developed and implemented a guideline for diagnosis and treatment of children with severe a c u t e ma l n u t r i t i o n , b a s e d o n WHO recommendations. Objective:To evaluate the results of applying this standard. Patients and Methods: A prospective study between 1/5 and 30/9, 2008, including all children hospitalized in the Nutrition Unit, diagnosed with severe acute malnutrition.We applied the standard of diagnosis and treatment. Conclusions:Severe acute malnutrition affects young children. Is mainly due to power failures. These children can be treated successfully with low-cost formula and the addition of electrolytes and micronutrients. The absence of complications enables that nutritional therapy can be done at home


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Malnutrition/diagnosis , Electrolytes/administration & dosage , Electrolytes , Micronutrients/administration & dosage , Micronutrients/classification , Micronutrients , Infant Nutrition Disorders/classification , Infant Nutrition Disorders/complications , Infant Nutrition Disorders/therapy
7.
Cad. saúde pública ; 23(12): 2928-2937, dez. 2007. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-470194

ABSTRACT

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar fatores associados ao risco nutricional ao longo do primeiro ano de vida em crianças de baixo nível sócio-econômico de João Pessoa, Paraíba, Região Nordeste do Brasil. E determinar a freqüência de defeitos do esmalte, associando-a ao risco nutricional. O estudo foi realizado com 117 crianças, 56 com risco nutricional e 61 eutróficas. Em domicílio, realizaram-se avaliação nutricional, exame clínico dos elementos dentais e entrevistas com as mães. Na maternidade, registraram-se informações dos períodos gestacional e de nascimento. Utilizaram-se os testes qui-quadrado, exato de Fisher e modelos de regressão logística. Os defeitos do esmalte estiveram associados ao risco nutricional após o primeiro ano de vida. O risco nutricional esteve associado à renda per capita, condições de peso ao nascimento e índice de crescimento intra-uterino. Conclui-se que na amostra investigada os defeitos do esmalte estiveram associados ao risco nutricional e este às condições sócio-econômicas desfavoráveis durante a gestação e o nascimento, sugerindo que estes são fatores relevantes na programação nutricional do indivíduo e na formação do esmalte dentário.


This study focused on factors related to nutritional risk in children over one year of age from low-income families in João Pessoa, Paraíba State, Northeast Brazil, and the frequency of related enamel defects. The study included 117 children, 56 at nutritional risk and 61 with normal growth. Nutritional evaluation, clinical dental examination, and interviews with mothers were conducted at the homes. Gestational and birth records were examined in the maternity hospital. Data were analyzed using the chi-square, Fisher's exact tests, and logistic regression. Enamel defects were associated with nutritional risk after the first year of life. Nutritional risk was associated with per capita family income, birth weight, and intrauterine growth index. These are relevant factors for individual nutritional planning and formation of dental enamel.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Dental Enamel , Infant, Low Birth Weight , Nutrition Assessment , Nutritional Status , Infant Nutrition Disorders/complications , Brazil , Logistic Models , Socioeconomic Factors , Unified Health System
8.
J Health Popul Nutr ; 2006 Mar; 24(1): 17-24
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-726

ABSTRACT

This study investigated whether under-nutrition affected time to hospitalization for recurrence of gastroenteritis in Australian children. Linked hospitalization records of all infants, born in 1995 and 1996 in Western Australia, who were admitted for gastroenteritis during their first year of life (n=1001), were retrieved. A survival frailty model was used for determining the factors influencing the recurrent times over the subsequent seven years. Aboriginality and under-nutrition were significantly associated with an increased risk of recurrence (hazard ratios of 2.59 and 1.28). Hospitalizations due to gastroenteritis were common among Aboriginal children who had a higher mean re-admission rate and much shorter intervals between re-admissions than other patients. The proportion of patients with recurrence was also significantly higher for Aboriginals (38.5%) than for other patients (14.2%). Gastroenteritis remains a serious problem in Aboriginal children. This presents a complex challenge to be addressed with public-health principles, political determination and commitment, and adequate resources.


Subject(s)
Cohort Studies , Female , Gastroenteritis/epidemiology , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , Humans , Infant , Infant Nutrition Disorders/complications , Infant, Newborn , Male , Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander/statistics & numerical data , Recurrence , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Western Australia/epidemiology
9.
J Health Popul Nutr ; 2005 Dec; 23(4): 331-8
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-698

ABSTRACT

Nineteen American infants aged less than three months developed persistent diarrhoea, acidosis, hypoalbuminaemia, and malnutrition, without evidence of enteric pathogens. Symptoms began 11-59 days before admission to the University of North Carolina Children's Hospital, and infants were fed semielemental formula. Despite further treatment with amino acid-based formula by continuous nasogastric infusion, diarrhoea persisted. Endoscopic biopsies showed inflammation in the stomach, duodenum, and/or colon. A trial of intravenous corticosteroids was initiated in 14 infants. Corticosteroids were associated with rapid resolution of diarrhoea (duration after corticosteroids = 3.8 +/- 1.7 days [mean +/- SD]). In contrast, five infants with identical history were not treated with corticosteroids. In three infants, diarrhoea lasted for 92-147 days versus 31 +/- 3 total days in the treated group. In the other two infants, diarrhoea worsened after discharge, but were treated later with corticosteroids, with rapid resolution. Corticosteroids were uneventfully weaned over a four-month period. The results suggest that a trial of corticosteroids in infants with unresponsive persistent diarrhoea of unknown origin is beneficial and deserves prospective evaluation.


Subject(s)
Acidosis/complications , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/administration & dosage , Amino Acids/administration & dosage , Biopsy/methods , Chronic Disease , Diarrhea, Infantile/complications , Endoscopy/methods , Female , Humans , Hypoalbuminemia/complications , Infant , Infant Nutrition Disorders/complications , Infant, Newborn , Infusions, Intravenous/methods , Male , North Carolina , Retrospective Studies , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome
10.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 81(6): 461-465, nov.-dez. 2005. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-424434

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Analisar as diferenças da restrição de crescimento até o segundo ano de vida, com base no gênero, entre crianças com três tipos de fissuras. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com 881 crianças (58,9 por cento meninos e 41,1 por cento meninas) com fissura labial e palatina do Hospital de Reabilitação de Anomalias Craniofaciais, Universidade de São Paulo, Bauru (SP), Brasil, com idades entre 1 a 24 meses. Foram avaliados três tipos de fissuras: fissura labial (181/20,5 por cento), fissura palatina (157/17,8 por cento) e fissura labial + palatina (543/61,6 por cento). Foram obtidas as medidas de peso e comprimento e os dados acerca do aleitamento materno e do nível socioeconômico. Crianças com peso e comprimento abaixo do percentil 10 da referência NCHS foram consideradas como tendo restrição do crescimento. RESULTADOS: A distribuição da amostra de acordo com o tipo de fissura e gênero foi semelhante àquela observada em outros estudos epidemiológicos. O aleitamento materno foi mais freqüente no grupo com fissura labial (45,9 por cento) que nos grupos de fissura palatina (12,1 por cento) ou de fissura labial + palatina (10,5 por cento). Os lactentes com fissura labial mostraram menos comprometimento do peso (23,8 por cento) e do comprimento (19,3 por cento) comparados àqueles do grupo com fissura labial + palatina (35,7 por cento e 33,1 por cento, respectivamente), sendo que o último grupo mostrou proporções de crianças com peso e comprimento inferiores ao percentil 10 muito próximas às do grupo com fissura palatina (34,4 por cento e 38,9 por cento). CONCLUSÕES: O comprometimento do peso e comprimento é mais grave nos lactentes com fissura labial + palatina e com fissura palatina e pode ser atribuído principalmente às dificuldades de alimentação, em comparação ao grupo com fissura labial.


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Humans , Infant , Cleft Lip/complications , Cleft Palate/complications , Failure to Thrive/etiology , Body Height , Body Weight , Breast Feeding , Chi-Square Distribution , Cross-Sectional Studies , Cleft Lip/physiopathology , Cleft Palate/physiopathology , Failure to Thrive/physiopathology , Retrospective Studies , Socioeconomic Factors , Infant Nutrition Disorders/complications
11.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 68(6): 753-756, nov.-dez. 2005. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-420182

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVOS: Investigar possíveis alterações oftalmológicas em pacientes que tiveram desnutrição grave durante os primeiros seis meses de vida. MÉTODOS: Foram analisados 182 olhos de 91 crianças entre 2 e 11 anos que tiveram desnutrição grave durante os primeiros seis meses de vida (grupo estudo). Como grupo controle foram incluídas 88 crianças, selecionadas aleatoriamente segundo características similares de idade, gênero, condições econômicas e demográficas. RESULTADOS: Observou-se, de forma significante, no grupo estudo, maior freqüência de crianças com acuidade visual de 0,3 a 0,1 e menor que 0,1 (11,5 por cento versus 0,7 por cento - p < 0,0001). Houve maior freqüência de astigmatismo e miopia no grupo estudo. Observou-se ainda, maior freqüência de astigmatismo de uma dioptria ou mais nesse grupo (p< 0,0001). As alterações fundoscópicas encontradas foram nervo óptico hipocorado (2,2 por cento), aumento da escavação papilar (4,4 por cento), aumento da tortuosidade vascular (6,6 por cento), alteração da cor da retina (13,2 por cento) e atrofia do epitélio pigmentar da retina (12,0 por cento). CONCLUSÕES: Os dados dão suporte ao conceito de que a desnutrição precoce efetivamente interfere na saúde visual dos indivíduos. Estudos futuros são necessários para aprofundar o estabelecimento da relação causa-efeito mais precisa.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Eye Diseases/etiology , Infant Nutrition Disorders/complications , Brazil/epidemiology , Case-Control Studies , Chi-Square Distribution , Cross-Sectional Studies , Eye Diseases/diagnosis , Eye Diseases/epidemiology , Nutritional Status/physiology , Optic Nerve Diseases/diagnosis , Refractive Errors/diagnosis , Vision Tests , Visual Acuity/physiology
12.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 76(5): 471-478, oct. 2005. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-420127

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: conocer la incidencia de deshidratación hipernatrémica (DH) asociada a ictericia así como sus características clínicas en neonatos ingresados a un hospital general. Material y Métodos: estudio exploratorio, prospectivo, descriptivo. Se incluyeron neonatos de término, ingresados por hiperbilirrubinemia, divididos en dos grupos, con y sin hipernatremia. Se compararon características perinatales, edad en la readmisión, pérdida de peso, fiebre, bilirrubina, manejo con antimicrobianos, presencia de alteraciones neurológicas y mortalidad. Resultados: se ingresaron 24 pacientes en un año, de los cuales 12 tuvieron sodio sérico elevado, con un promedio de 163,92 mmol/L. La incidencia fue de 5/1000 nacidos vivos. No se encontraron diferencias en cuanto a las características perinatales o cifras de bilirrubinas. La pérdida ponderal fue mayor en el grupo con DH. Dos pacientes presentaron alteraciones neurológicas y uno falleció. Conclusiones: la incidencia de la triada de deshidratación hipernatrémica, fiebre e ictericia puede ser mayor a la reportada.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Dehydration/epidemiology , Hypernatremia/complications , Jaundice/complications , Patient Readmission/statistics & numerical data , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Clinical Evolution/statistics & numerical data , Hypernatremia/mortality , Incidence , Breast Feeding/adverse effects , Mexico/epidemiology , Prospective Studies , Sodium/metabolism , Infant Nutrition Disorders/complications , Weight Loss
13.
J Health Popul Nutr ; 2005 Sep; 23(3): 259-65
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-563

ABSTRACT

To determine the risk factors for death of severely-malnourished Bangladeshi children with shigellosis, a case-control study was conducted at the Clinical Research and Service Centre of ICDDR,B: Centre for Health and Population Research in Dhaka, Bangladesh. One hundred severely-malnourished children (weight-for-age <60% of median of the National Center for Health Statistics), with a positive stool culture for Shigella dysenteriae type 1 or S. flexneri, who died during hospitalization, were compared with another 100 similar children (weight-for-age <60% and with S. dysenteriae type 1 or S. flexneri-associated infection) discharged alive. Children aged less than four years were admitted during December 1993-January 1999. The median age of the cases who died or recovered was 9 months and 12 months respectively. Bronchopneumonia, abdominal distension, absent or sluggish bowel sound, clinical anaemia, altered consciousness, hypothermia, clinical sepsis, low or imperceptible pulse, dehydration, hypoglycaemia, high creatinine, and hyperkalaemia were all significantly more frequent in cases than in controls. In multivariate regression analysis, altered consciousness (odds ratio [OR]=2.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.0-6.8), hypoglycaemia (blood glucose <3 mmol/L (OR=7.8, 95% CI 2.9-19.6), hypothermia (temperature <36 degrees C) (OR=5.7, 95% CI 1.5-22.1), and bronchopneumonia (OR=2.5, 95% CI 1.1-5.5) were identified as significant risk factors for mortality. Severely-malnourished children with shigellosis having hypoglycaemia, hypothermia, altered consciousness and/or bronchopneumonia were at high risk of death. Based on the findings, the study recommends that early diagnosis of shigellosis in severely-malnourished children and assertive therapy for proper management to prevent development of hypothermia, hypoglycaemia, bronchopneumonia, or altered consciousness and its immediate treatment are likely to reduce Shigella-related mortality in severely-malnourished children.


Subject(s)
Bangladesh/epidemiology , Case-Control Studies , Child, Preschool , Confidence Intervals , Dysentery, Bacillary/epidemiology , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant Nutrition Disorders/complications , Male , Multivariate Analysis , Odds Ratio , Risk Factors , Shigella dysenteriae/isolation & purification , Shigella flexneri/isolation & purification
15.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 80(3): 211-216, maio-jun. 2004. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-362578

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Determinar a importância da desnutrição como marcadora e preditora do óbito na cardiomiopatia dilatada idiopática na infância. MÉTODOS: Este é um estudo retrospectivo envolvendo 165 pacientes (setembro de 1979 a março de 2003). As variáveis analisadas foram sexo, idade e história de infecção viral nos últimos 3 meses, classe funcional da New York Heart Association (NYHA), percentil e desvio padrão do peso (índice z) e avaliação do estado nutricional. Foram realizadas 744 pesagens nos primeiros 72 meses e 93 no primeiro mês de evolução. Análise estatística: qui-quadrado, teste t de Student e análise de variância. Foram utilizados o valor alfa de 0,05 e o valor beta de 0,80. RESULTADOS: A idade no diagnóstico foi de 2,1±3,2 anos, com maior incidência nos menores de 2 anos (75,8 por cento; IC95 = 68,5-82,1 por cento) (p < 0,0001). A classe funcional III e IV foi observada em 81,2 por cento (IC95 = 74,4-86,9 por cento) (p < 0,0001), tendo todos os 40 óbitos ocorrido neste grupo (p = 0,0008). Na apresentação, a miocardite ocorreu em 39,4 por cento (IC95 = 31,9-47,3 por cento) (p = 0,0001). Houve forte associação entre miocardite e doença viral prévia (p = 0,0005) (RC = 3,15; IC95 = 1,55-6,44). A desnutrição na apresentação não influenciou o óbito (p = 0,10), porém a desnutrição evolutiva foi marcadora de óbito (p = 0,02) (RC = 3,21; IC95 = 1,04-9,95). Não houve diferença significativa no percentil de peso (p = 0,15) ou no índice z (p = 0,14) na apresentação. A média do percentil de peso e do índice z foram superiores nos sobreviventes (34,9+32,6 versus 8,6+16,0 e -0,62+1,43 versus -2,02+1,12) (p < 0,0001). A análise de variância demonstrou diferença significativa na evolução para o percentil de peso (p = 0,0417) e para o índice z (p = 0,0005) desde o primeiro mês de evolução. CONCLUSAO: A avaliação do estado nutricional é de fácil execução, não implica ônus adicional e deve tornar-se rotina no seguimento do paciente com insuficiência cardíaca crônica.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/etiology , Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/mortality , Child Nutrition Disorders/complications , Infant Nutrition Disorders/complications , Age Factors , Analysis of Variance , Body Weight , Brazil/epidemiology , Chi-Square Distribution , Confidence Intervals , Incidence , Nutrition Assessment , Nutritional Status , Retrospective Studies , Sex Factors , Statistics, Nonparametric
16.
Arch. pediatr. Urug ; 74(4): 245-254, dic. 2003. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-391964

ABSTRACT

Introducción: los dos primeros años de vida postnatal constituyen un período crítico donde numerosas injurias pueden afectar el crecimiento y desarrollo con secuelas en etapas alejadas que no se pueden reparar. Para mejorar el diagnóstico y tratamiento integral del niño menor de dos años con retardo del crecimiento, se planificó este estudio prospectivo. Objetivo: aplicar un plan de estudio y tratamiento, poniendo en marcha una metodología sencilla con recursos locales accesibles a la población y analizar los factores que incidieron al inicio de la falla de crecimiento. Material y métodos: entre 1999 y 2001 ingresaron al estudio 40 niños de 6 a 24 meses que cumplieron criterios de inclusión. Fueron atendidos por un equipo interdisciplinario que los evaluó según un algoritmo diagnóstico, los trató con el plan terapéutico preestablecido y los siguió con controles adecuados a la severidad en forma personalizada. Resultados: la mediana de edad al ingreso fue de 11,6 meses. Habían sido alimentados con pecho directo exclusivo 3,5 meses en promedio, coincidiendo el enlentecimiento de la velocidad de crecimiento con el destete. La adhesión al tratamiento fue alta. A pesar de que sólo el 55 por ciento lo cumplió totalmente, la mediana de puntaje Z en el peso evolucionó de -2,41 al ingreso a -1,86 en la última evaluación. Conclusiones: la falla de crecimiento en la mayoría de los niños fue de causa nutricional, con mal manejo de los alimentos del destete. Se logró una buena evolución a partir de la captación. La metodología aplicada fue útil, pareciendo imprescindible y posible su aplicación en el primer nivel de atención.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Growth Disorders , Infant Nutrition Disorders/complications , Growth Disorders
18.
EMHJ-Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal. 2002; 8 (2-3): 281-289
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-158062

ABSTRACT

This study evaluated erythropoiesis in 50 infants hospitalized with protein energy malnutrition and in 50 control infants. The red cell count, mean corpuscular haemoglobin and reticulocyte index were significantly lower, while the white blood cell count, median corpuscular fragility and red cell distribution width were significantly higher on admission than in controls. Total serum protein, albumin, fasting blood glucose, and serum folate were significantly lower on admission than in controls. Serum ferritin was significantly higher and total iron-binding capacity was significantly lower on discharge compared to controls. The serum erythropoietin was significantly higher on admission and discharge than in controls. The anaemia of protein energy malnutrition is due to mixed deficiencies resulting in ineffective erythropoiesis despite an increased level of erythropoietin


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Anemia/blood , Case-Control Studies , Erythrocyte Count , Erythrocyte Indices , Ferritins/blood , Hemoglobins/analysis , Infant Nutrition Disorders/complications , Nutritional Status , Protein-Energy Malnutrition/complications
19.
Bol. Acad. Nac. Med. B.Aires ; 78(1): 171-82, ene.-jun. 2000. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-274137

ABSTRACT

Convencidos que de nada sirve alimentar a un niño si lo devolvemos al ambiente de miseria extrema del que proviene, se crea entonces el Primer Centro Multidisciplinario de Prevención de la Desnutrición Infantil "María Alejandrina Rosa de Arenas", único en su género. Allí, a través de distintos programas, se abordan las principales causas que dan origen a la desnutrición, entre ellos podemos mencionar: Estimulación de la Lactancia Materna, Asistencia Alimentaria Complementaria, Educación Nutricional, Educación para la salud, Ropero Familiar, Alfabetización para Adultos, Jardín Maternal e Infantil, Estimulación Temprana, Talleres de Artes y Oficios para padres, Minoridad y Familia, Documentación y Legalización de la Familia, Planificación Familiar Natural y Escuela de Capacitación Agraria. Otros Centros de similares características funcionan en el Departamento de Rivadavia, Mendoza y en la República de Paraguay (fundado en 1995 desde Mendoza). Simultáneamente se fueron dando los primeros pasos para concretar la construcción del Primer Centro de Recuperación de Lactantes Desnutridos de la República Argentina. Otro pilar fundamental en la lucha contra la desnutrición es la investigación, por ello CONIN ha creado el "Centro de Investigaciones Médico-Sociales Prof. Dr. José Luis Minoprio".


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Breast Feeding , Infant Mortality , Infant Nutrition Disorders/complications , Infant Nutrition Disorders/etiology , Infant Nutrition Disorders/prevention & control , Nutrition Rehabilitation , Argentina , Foundations , Foundations/standards , Infant Nutrition Disorders/therapy , Paraguay , Preventive Medicine
20.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 128(6): 627-32, jun. 2000. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-268147

ABSTRACT

Background: Pneumonia is the main cause of late infant mortality in Chile. Over 60 percent of these deaths occur at home. The lack of hospital beds and the inadequate outpatient management are contributing factors. Aim: To assess risk factors for home deaths due to pneumonia in Chilean children. Patients and methods: The clinical and environmental histories of 53 (39 male) children that died due to pneumonia in their homes were analyzed. The cause of death was confirmed by necropsy with histopathological studies in all cases. These cases were compared with 88 control children of similar age, gender, socioeconomic status and living in the same geographical area of Metropolitan Santiago. Results: Fifty four percent of deceased children were of less than 3 months of age and only 3 cases and their controls were above1 year old. Identified risk factors for death were malnutrition with an odds ratio of 30.6 (CI 3.9-64.8, p< 0.001), low birth weight with an odds ratio of 5 (CI 1.8-14.1, p< 0.001), previous admissions to hospitals with an odds ratio of 5.79 (CI 2-17.1, p< 0.001), congenital malformations (mainly cardiac) with an odds ratio of 8.4 (CI 2-39.9, p= 0.001) and a history of bronchial obstruction with an odds ratio of 5.68 (p< 0.001). Identified maternal risk factors were smoking with an odds ratio of 4.13 (CI 1.6-10.7 p< 0.001) and being a teenager with an odds ratio of 4.3 (CI 1.7-11, p<0.001). Malnutrition, low birth weight, history of previous hospital admissions and having a teenager or smoker mother were considered as independent risk factors using a stepwise analysis. Conclusions: Chilean low income children have identifiable risk factors for death at their homes due to pneumonia, that can be preventively managed


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Pneumonia/mortality , Infant Nutrition Disorders/complications , Risk Factors , Cause of Death , Socioeconomic Factors , Lung Diseases, Obstructive/complications , Infant, Very Low Birth Weight
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